Wal-Mart Business aroung the World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wal-Mart Business aroung the World - Essay Example As the paper features, Mexico was not a driving area so they must be inside their consumers’ neighborhood. Beside that, Mexicans favored new items so they brought to the table their merchandise new. With their ache to prevail in their undertaking and the assistance of Grupo Cifra, Mexico turned into their first universal extension in 1991.â Beside huge set up retailers like Metro AC, Aldi and Kaufland, Wal-Mart’s serious mix-up in their endeavor in Germany was not having a social setting on their procedure. Same thing with their business in South Korea, Wal-Mart appeared to take into account Americans alone and wouldn't fret the region’s culture. Not at all like with their business in Mexico, they didn’t attempt to adjust to the requirements and needs of their purchasers. They in the end needed to pull out their business in these nations. Offering newly reaped items is an absolute necessity for Chinese. Given that China shares 1/3s of Asia’s populace, Wal-Mart thinks about China as the focal point of their development methodology.  International undertaking is rarely simple. There are such a significant number of variables to consider. Culture is on the listr. As a retailer, you should know the merchandise a locale will purchase to remain in business. A thorough flexibly and request and sho pping propensities study will be basic so as to prevail in your endeavor. Recollect that to remain in business, you ought to get a decent level of the market. Wal-Mart posted their second from last quarter benefits coming to $3.23 billion, which is 3.2% from a year prior. Their net deals for the second from last quarter were $98.667, which expanded 1.1% from a similar period a year ago. Wal-Mart has in excess of 7,970 stores including Supercenters and rebate stores.â

Impact of Advertisements on Children

Question: The report characteristics the effect of promotions on kids utilization conduct and research motivation on showcasing exercises in comparative with youngster heath is of basic intrigue. In the accompanying report, the investigation will feature on three promoting issues, for example, impact of broadcast food publicizing and web based life showcasing on youngsters food decisions, moral issues of food promoting on kids, statistical surveying to test the impacts of promoting on childrens food decisions, buying conduct in correspondence to kid weight. Answer: Presentation The prime goal of this investigation is to clarify the idea of advertising and the part of purchaser conduct in showcasing. Promoting is the procedure that encourages the associations to improve the incentive just as profile of the business (Morgan 2012). At the underlying stage, the investigation has given an unmistakable comprehension about the promoting research. The significance of advertising research has been showed through exhibiting six stages. Aside from this, the investigation delineates the job of promoting as a prime device of showcasing (Heerde et al. 2013). In any case, the moral contemplations in promoting are a significant idea which should be expounded here. Toward the finish of the investigation, the purchaser conduct in setting of promoting is delineated. So as to be increasingly exact, the investigation quickly examines how the customers' buying conduct influences the promoting of a business. This specific examination assists with building an away from of advertis ing in setting of the present serious business showcase. Reference List Heerde, H.J.V., Gijsenberg, M.J., Dekimpe, M.G. what's more, Steenkamp, J.B.E., 2013. Cost and publicizing viability over the business cycle.Journal of Marketing Research,50(2), pp.177-193. Morgan, N.A., 2012. Showcasing and business performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(1), pp.102-119.

Business Level Strategy for Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory

Question: Examine about theBusiness Level Strategy for Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory. Answer: Engaging quality of the confectionary showcase Confectionary showcase is one of the most alluring markets on the planet. It is generally settled in the North America and Western Europe. As indicated by the report by Phan and Vincelette (2008), the USA was the most grounded showcase for the confectionary and chocolates business in 2007. The confectionary organizations are presently focusing on the developing markets in Asia, for example, India, Japan and China because of the developing abundance for chocolates and confectionaries. The allure can be comprehended from the insights of National Confectioners Association, USA candy markets encountered a climb in deals from $27.9 billion out of 2005 to $29.1 billion of every 2007. Normal spending on confectionaries in USA was $93.92 and on chocolates was $52.16 in 2006. Overall revenue was around 35% for the confectionaries in the USA. The information of 2002 shows, the Scandinavian and Western European nations are the biggest buyers of the cocoa and confectionary items, trailed by the Americas. Normal yearly chocolate utilization of 8kg per capita makes Europe a rewarding business sector. Tastes and inclinations of purchasers make this industry an appealing one. The confectionary advertise was grown first in the Europe and afterward in the USA. The riches for the chocolates and confectionary items has been developing over the world since the previous century. Consequently, with the expanding utilization of cocoa, assortment of chocolates and various kinds of confectionary items has made this industry an extremely rewarding one. Key Success Factors in the Confectionary Market The achievement of the confectionary showcase relies vigorously upon the preferences and inclinations of the clients and it is significant for confectioners to comprehend the pattern of the inclinations to flourish in the business. Premium confectioners of the world are Godiva, Lindt, Nestle, Harsheys, mm, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, Ferrero and so on and for an extensive stretch of time, these organizations have been administering the world market. The key achievement factors are as per the following: Understanding the pattern and example of the clients tastes is the essential factor for progress. The idea of the market must be broke down appropriately. The more adult markets lean toward low calorie, more beneficial items, while the new and developing markets incline toward the essential items. Different segment factors must be assessed. Religion, culture, custom, salary level and way of life are the deciding elements for the deals of the chocolates and confectionary items. A few societies favor desserts while some lean toward chocolates. The interest for gourmet chocolates and low calorie, more beneficial confectionaries are ascending in the created markets. In the developing markets like India and China, the confectioners need to contend with the conventional desserts. Consequently, segment factors must be seen correctly. Reasonable exchange practices ought to be received by the organizations. Presently a days, despite the fact that the shoppers want to devour solid dim chocolate items, they are additionally cognizant about the misuse of the cocoa ranchers in the Western Africa and utilization of youngster work. Rivalries are expanding for the worldwide chocolate and confectionary industry. Thus, the organizations must make great systems for selling their items. The retail locations, stock stores and their own manufacturing plant outlets are reachable to the customers and they focus to make the costs reasonable to all (Phan Vincelette, 2008). References Phan, A., Vincelette, J. (2008).Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory Inc. (2008): Recipe for progress.

How and the ways in which Nelson Mandela contributed to the success of the Defiance campaign - Free Essay Example

The Defiance campaign was brought up to combat apartheid in South Africa in 1952. Apartheid was a system set in place to control the non european ethnic groups by introducing laws that restricted their freedom to certain rights. Nelson Mandela was able to gain a leadership position through joining organizations that nurtured his ideas and his ability to lead. Nelson Mandela became a leading figure as he started doing work as an activist with the African National Congress. The Defiance campaign illustrates Mandelas ability to influence the masses by utilizing his status and cooperation with other activists. This essay explores how and the ways in which Nelson Mandela contributed to the success of the Defiance campaign. Body/Analysis: Through his education, Nelson Mandela developed his passion for activism. Growing up in the era of apartheid Nelson Mandela pursued the career of law instead of chieftainship. In 1944 Nelson Mandela joined the African National Congress(ANC). Upon doing so he was able to accumulate knowledge that he could use to aid the ANC. Through his hard work he was able to gain many leadership opportunities in the ANC. As a member, Mandela and other young intellectuals expressed their dissatisfaction with how the ANC was run and formed the African National Congress Youth League(ANCYL). The youth league influenced the ANC to become a more militant organization as they felt that passive resistance was still not enough to bring about the change that they desired. In a statement made by nelson mandela to address the aims of the Defiance campaign, he says, I would like to emphasise the aims of our Campaign over again. We are not in opposition to any government or class of people. We are opposing a sys tem which has for years kept a vast section of the non-European people in bondage. The messaged conveyed through this statement supports Mandelas passion for activism. In the 1950s the Congress Alliance was formed consisting of organizations that stood against the unjust laws. In March 1952, Nelson Mandela aquired a drivers license to become a one man taxi service for the ANC. He was in charge of talking to regional leaders and coordinating youth league events. He played a crucial role in making sure the events would actually be carried out. Historian Baruch Hirson suggests that the formation of the Defiance campaign was not enacted through the peoples desire to fight against unjust laws, but was instead enacted by the ANC to strengthen their party. But the reactions of the people seem to prove otherwise. The events leading up to the campaign strived to create stricter laws. In 1948 D.F. Malans National Party won the government election even though the party sought to reinforce apartheid laws. Then in 1951 the Separate Representation of Voters Bill was passed. This bill removed coloured people from the common roll, which meant that coloured people could not vote. In addition, on April 6, 1952, the unofficial start date of the the Defiance campaign, brought about mass protest against the festivities for the the celebration of John Van Riebeecks, a Dutch colonizer, arrival in Cape Town in 1652. Mass rallies were held and important African leaders spoke about militant African nationalism and self reliance. To end apartheid was the big picture. There were more people black Africans then there were whites, so these laws affected the majority of the population. Over 8,500 volunteers courted imprisonment by contrevening pass laws and curfew regulations, orders segregating whites and non-whites in railway stations and post offices, and other oppressive and humiliating measures. On May 12, 1950, the National Executive Comittee of the ANC called for a national Day of protest to address the issues of apartheid in response to the public outcry. As a law student Nelson Mandela was able to use his aquired knowledge to combat unfair laws set by British colonizers. Nelson Mandela joined the African National congress after he completed school in 1944. The significance of this event marks Mandelas work as an activist. By joining a group he is able to establish connections and have a goal to work towards. In addition he was a well known face. When Nelson Mandela joined the ANC, his dissatisfaction with how the group was run drove him to create the ANC youth league. This group had a more radical approach to things as they consisted mostly of young intellectuals. As he was one the main developers of this organization, he was also the face of it as well. This showcased mandelas leadership characteristic. By the time Apartheid laws were set in place Mandela had already gained the position as National Secretary of the ANC youth league. The government resorted to extreme measures to handle the situation. It established a proclamation banning all meetings of more than 10 Africans in one place. In addition, laws were enacted with more severe punishment for those who participated in the campaign. There was an increase in membership of the ANC and since the results were promising, it lead to a change in tactics. By embracing all oppressed people, it established unity among them. The Defiance campaign aided in the development of other organizatin as well as the development of the ANC. For example the Liberal Party advocated for universal adult suffrage instead of just limiting it to only black Africans. It gained support from church organizations as well.Not only did the Defiance campaign gain national attention but aslo gained attention internationally. The general assembly of the United Nations were made aware of the racial issues in South Africa. A proposal made by the delegations of 13 Asian and Arab States to consid er the question of race conflict in South Africa resulting from the policies of apartheid of the Government of the Union of South Africa resulted in the establishment of a three-member commission to study the issue and resolve it. The ANC benefited greatly from the campaign as their membership rose from 7,000 to 10,000. Historian Baruch Hirson suggests that The government reacted strongly by taking extreme measures that included, but is not limited to The banning of a number of leading Congressmen and trade unionists from participating in meetings; confining them to their provinces and ordering them to resign from their organisations [and] The banning of the Guardian, an independent weekly newspaper which supported the campaign. In doing so it proved the power of the campaign and how the government felt threatened by the support of the masses for the campaign. Before the Defiance campaign there was a negative image of africa. People believed that African people were incapable of doing a peaceful protest. The Defiance campaign boosted the the image of African people as well as Africa in general. Conclusion: Nelson Mandela contributed greatly through his influence as a youth leader for the ANC and his ability to organize. He utilized his resources such as his connections to people in power and his education to combat apartheid laws. He took on many needed responsibilities which was crucial to the success of the Defiance Campaign. By doing so he was able to gain a leader status, which he used to persuade the masses to participate in the Defiance Campaign. Although the campaign did not immediately terminate apartheid laws, it was viewed as a success as it brought the community together, which played a crucial role in eradicating apartheid laws.

Mohandas Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, and Martin Luther King...

A man known as the â€Å"father of the Indian nation†, Mohandas Gandhi, also known as Mahatma, was a man of true inspiration. He inspired well known civil-rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, and also revolutionary scientist Einstein. Gandhi was well known for using peaceful methods such as peace marches, boycotts, and sit-ins. Most people could call Gandhi the father of peace, for it was he who help the world recognize the effectiveness of non-violence. Gandhi’s peaceful ideals help break barriers in his community, individuals, and the world; showing them that the world can be a better place without the acts of violence and ruthlessness. Gandhi influenced a lot of people of his ideals. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was deeply enlightened by his teachings such as the â€Å"love-your-enemies philosophy†, which inspired him to fight for African-American’s rights without the use of weapons and violence. Dr. King describes Gandhi teachings, à ¢â‚¬Å"As I read [Gandhi’s literature], I became deeply fascinated by his campaigns of nonviolent resistance. As I delved deeper into the philosophy of Gandhi, my skepticism concerning the power of love gradually diminished, and I came to see for the first time its potency in the area of social reform.†,(Yahoo Voice. Dr). King wasn’t the only Civil Rights leader influenced by Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, also know as the father of South Africa, was also deeply influenced by Gandhi’s teachings. Mandela had called Gandhi one of his greatestShow MoreRelatedGandhi : Gandhi And Influential Religious Political Leaders Of The Twentieth Century1464 Words   |  6 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was one of the most admired and influential religious political leaders of the twentieth century. Gandhi is acknowledged as the Father of the Nation or Bapu due to his astonishing contributions towards the independence of India, by becoming an amazing freedom fighter who led In dia as a leader of Nationalism, against British rule. Gandhi was one of such that believed in nonviolence, the unity of people, and bringing spirituality upon Indian politics. He worked incrediblyRead MoreLeadership Ethics : Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi And Jack Welch933 Words   |  4 Pagessingle formula for leadership, and it will be best understood from multiple perspectives (Shriberg and Shriberg, 2011). We also accept the fact that every leader leads differently. Our team has chosen three exemplary leaders of all time – Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi and Jack Welch. Each one of them has exhibited a great amount of leadership skills and up to this day are used as examples in our current globalised economics. Their leadership has shaped countries and their influence has stretchedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTwentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle Hecht and Paul N. Edwards 271 8 A Century of Environmental

Ernest Hemingway The Most Celebrated And Most...

Ernest Miller Hemingway: 1899-1961 Ernest Miller Hemingway According to literary scholars was the â€Å"most celebrated and most controversial writers of the 20th century† (Nagel). Hemmingway changed the course of literature due to his easy, often brief and clear short stories, novels, plays and poetry unlike many other writers in his time. Hemingway was noted for his often adventurous lifestyle where he went to places such as Spain, Paris and Zimwambe safaris. However, Hemmingway was a tragic hero due to being unfaithful to many of the woman he was married with (Georgiannis) due to this, Hemmingway married a total of four times. This however, helped Hemingway incorporate real life people into famous characters in his books. Hemingway’s different traveling experiences and personal experiences influenced his famous and best works such as a Farwell To Arms and The Old Man and The Sea. Hemingway is also noted for being the most â€Å"widely known American writer of the first half of the 20th century† (Perkins Young) And won two awards for his literature the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (1953) and the Nobel Prize for Literature (1954). Hemmingway’s short story’s and novels depict his adventurous life as a safari explorer and ambulance drive and often regretful life with the woman he married. . Ernest Miller Hemingway was born July 21st, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. In a upper-middle class household. His father was a doctor and his mother was an artist who gave up her passion to becomeShow MoreRelatedThe Struggle of Life and War in Ernest Hemingway’s Writing 1071 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway was one of the greatest authors of the twentieth century. His simple style, lucid depictions, and relatable narratives propelled him into a world of literary fame. These unique attributes are inimitable; Hemingway relates to the reader on a deeper level that even the best imitators cannot achieve. For this and many other reasons, critics praise Hemingway for the indefinable work of an exceptional writer. One of his most well-known novels, A Farewell to Arms, is notorious for its

Gatsby 5 Essay Research Paper Through the free essay sample

Gatsby 5 Essay, Research Paper Through the interactions between male and female characters, Fitzgerald depicts a assortment of societal outlooks sing # 8220 ; typical # 8221 ; male behaviour in the 1920 # 8217 ; s. In the novel The Great Gatsby, characters such as Tom Buchanan, Jay Gatsby, George Wilson and Nick Carraway show behaviour that acts to keep and populate up to outlooks built-in in society. Through their controlling ways, these characters strive to specify the # 8220 ; typical # 8221 ; adult male in the 1920 # 8217 ; s. The impression that a adult male # 8217 ; s success can be measured by his ownerships becomes apparent through the actions of Tom, Gatsby and Wilson. These characters strive to obtain more than merely material ownerships. For illustration, Tom seems to see the adult females in his life as mere ownerships, a mark of his success and wealth. His attitude and interactions with Daisy, his married woman, and Myrtle, his kept woman, show this. Through out the narrative, Tom does non demo regard or echt lovingness for either adult female. Rather, he commits unfastened criminal conversation with Myrtle. Tom makes this affair public because it is merely another manner of showing-off, another of his ownerships and therefore hiking his self-importance. Tom does this without respect for the shame his personal businesss may convey onto his married woman. Daisy comes to stand for a cherished and sought ownership for both Tom and Gatsby. Although on the surface it appears that Gatsby has an ever-lasting love for Daisy, I feel that his yearning for Daisy stems from his demand to recapture a ownership which he lost during his young person. Nick remarks # 8220 ; He talked a batch about the past and I gathered that he wanted to retrieve something, some thought of himself possibly, that had gone into loving Daisy # 8221 ; ( 117 ) . Furthermore by possessing Daisy # 8217 ; s love, Gatsby can reject licking and experience successful as a adult male. In the novel, Gatsby goes every bit far as to see the green visible radiation as a symbolic manner of keeping onto his ownership and maintaining Daisy in some manner close to him. After obtaining his dream of being reunited with Daisy, the green visible radiation begins to lose its symbolic strength. # 8220 ; Now it was once more a green visible radiation on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one # 8221 ; ( 98 ) . Now that the realisation of his dream has begun, Gatsby needs to experience a greater sense of ownership or control over Daisy. He may experience the demand to obtain another enchanted object to replace the loss of the symbolic significance of the light. Now the merely enchanted object which he is left to obtain is Daisy # 8217 ; s complete and everlasting. Likewise, Tom refuses to give up Daisy to another adult male or even believe that she could love another. Tom states # 8220 ; But all the remainder is a God damnened lie. Daisy loved me when she married me and she loves me now. # 8221 ; ( 138 ) . If Tom were to give up Da isy to another adult male, this would certainly be a mark of licking and failure like losing a football or Polo trophy. Alternatively of acknowledging licking, Tom rationalizes Daisy # 8217 ; s behaviour by take downing her will. For illustration, he states # 8220 ; The problem is that sometimes she gets foolish thoughts in her caput and doesn # 8217 ; t cognize what she # 8217 ; s making # 8221 ; ( 138 ) . Another societal outlook of # 8220 ; typical # 8221 ; male behaviour in the 1920 # 8217 ; s depicted in The Great Gatsby is the impression that a # 8220 ; existent # 8221 ; adult male should be in control of the adult female in his life at all times. This impression is exemplified through the fighting relationship between George and Myrtle Wilson. Although Fitzgerald describes George as # 8220 ; one of these raddled work forces # 8230 ; He was his married woman # 8217 ; s adult male and non his own. # 8221 ; ( 144 ) , a demand for control takes over George when he d iscovers his married woman had # 8220 ; some sort of life apart from him in another world.† (131) with perhaps another man. To gain control over this situation and thus live up to the social expectation, George takes drastic measures. He states â€Å"I’ve got my wife locked up in there. She’s going to stay up there till the day after tomorrow and then we ‘re going to move away.† (143). Through his actions, George forces his will on his wife and strives to maintain control over his possession, his wife. In addition, Tom demonstrates control over Myrtle when the issue of whether she has the right to mention Daisy’s name out loud. During the heated argument, Myrtle attempts to assert power and control by stating â€Å"Daisy! Daisy! Daisy! I’ll say it whenever I want to.† (41) In order to regain control over the situation Tom breaks her nose with his open hand. Although it may seem as though Tom is defending his wife, in reality I feel that this is merely Tom’s way of instilling fear into Myrtle as a device for maintaining his control over the situation and his mistress. Gatsby also attempts to demonstrate control over Daisy. For example, Gatsby takes it upon himself to inform Tom of Daisy’s love for him. Gatsby states, â€Å"Daisy’s leaving you.† (140). In this situation, I feel that Gatsby is forcing Daisy to openly declare her feelings even though it may not have been her intention or wish to do so at the time. By doing this, Gatsby is hoping to fully regain a future with Daisy and therefore be in control of her feelings. Through analysis of the male characters it became evident that during this time period it was acceptable for men to have extra-marital affairs. For example, it was a well-known fact that Tom had a mistress, Myrtle. Early in the novel this is conveyed through a conversation between Jordan and Nick. â€Å"You mean to say you don’t know?† said Jordan honestly surprised. â€Å"I thought everyon e knew†¦ Tom’s got some woman in New York: (19). In addition, there is reference to an affair Tom had with a hotel chambermaid at the beginning of his marriage to Daisy. Eventually the affair became public following a car accident in which the woman was injured. The novel goes on to convey the notion that although it is socially acceptable for men to have extra-marital affairs during this time period, it was unacceptable for woman to do so. This becomes evident when Tom declares â€Å"I suppose the latest thing is to sit back and let Mr. Nobody from Nowhere make love to your wife. Well, if that’s the idea you can count me out†¦ Nowadays people begin sneering at family life and institutions and next they’ll throw everything overboard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (137). This passage implies that a man’s affair did not threaten family life or the institution of marriage. However, a woman’s affair could easily unravel the threads of social conformity. Thro ughout the novel, it becomes evident that the â€Å"typical† man in the 1920’s was expected to take care of the woman in his life. For example when attempting to persuade Daisy to remain with him, Tom states â€Å"I’m going to take better care of you from now on.† (140). This notion is also exemplified when Nick comments on Gatsby’s relationship with Daisy years ago, â€Å"but he had deliberately given Daisy a sense of security; he let her believe that he was a person from much the same strata as herself- that he was fully able to take care of her.† (156). From these statements, it can be concluded that men were expected to be financially responsible. Thus, men gained a sense of control over women, who were expected to be dependent.

Party Tourism; the Effects of a Drug Sub-Culture in Ibiza Essay Example

Party Tourism; the Effects of a Drug Sub-Culture in Ibiza Paper The following report examines the impact of party tourism in Ibiza, Spain. Ibiza has been widely regarded as the best spot for party tourism in the world and the amount of tourists visiting the destination for the sole purpose of partying replicates this trend. However, this type of tourism is not ideal and the pressure it creates on a small destination is quite extensive. The report gives insight into the amount of drugs taken by individuals, with the findings indicating the majority of visitors who use back home increase their amount when holidaying in Ibiza. For those who do not use at home, 16 per cent experimented for the first time while in Ibiza. Details are also given into the usage patterns of casual labour working in Ibiza over the summer period. The report shows the impact drugs have on a destination and in particular Ibiza, where increase in crime has become a major issue with gangs fighting for the drug trade. Moreover, a description for the potential damage this tourism market has on a destination’s image is reported, with most other forms of tourists beginning to relocate elsewhere. A comparison with an Australian Capital City is entailed. The results show similar drug usage, however Melbourne has more government support for strategies combating the use of illicit drugs in nightclubs. Finally, some recommendations of potential strategies to minimise drug consumption in Ibiza are discussed at the conclusion of the paper. Introduction 90 kilometres off the coast of Spain lays the island of Ibiza, home to 2. 6 million visitors per annum (Botsford, 2001). We will write a custom essay sample on Party Tourism; the Effects of a Drug Sub-Culture in Ibiza specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Party Tourism; the Effects of a Drug Sub-Culture in Ibiza specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Party Tourism; the Effects of a Drug Sub-Culture in Ibiza specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The figure may not seem immense, although considering Spain recorded an annual visitation number of 53. million in 2006 (UNWTO, 2007), and up to date tourist numbers in Ibiza would to represent a high increase in tourism arrivals, it is a large number in relation to the tourism market Ibiza attracts. Previously known for a culture of laid back attitudes and a hippie orientated life style, Ibiza soon started to attract tourism growth with the increase of music events and nightclub developments from owners already established in the United Kingdom (Horner, Swarbrooke, 2004: 230). Over the course of four decades stretching from the 70’s, Ibiza’s tourist market began to alter. The easy going lifestyle and relaxed atmosphere started to disperse, instead changing into a destination of constant late night partying and drug influenced tourists. â€Å"Ibiza has become synonymous over the past two decades with the drug-infested clubbing, or raving, subculture. Every summer, young tourists visit the destination and escape into drugs, alcohol, non-stop dancing and anonymous sexâ€Å" states (Harman, 2002). (Curley, 2007) reinforces this comment, although suggests that the drug culture has been symbolic for decades, â€Å"since late 1960’s drugs have been a factor in attracting tourists to Ibiza†. The increasing demand for party tourism in Ibiza has seen an increase in the amount of drugs available in nightclubs and party spots in Ibiza. (Chesshyre, 2001) supports this matter by stating, â€Å"Drugs, if you want them, are freely available in Ibiza. I was approached countless times during my visit. † Instances like these would be considered remarkable if, for instance, were reported from Venice or Hawaii, but it would appear now that this drug sub-culture that rules Ibiza has affected the island on many levels. However, there is the perception that Ibiza has become dependant on party tourism for economic growth and for the summer months when the party tourists are there, Ibiza residents like Pablo Vincente resent the clubbers, but benefit from the tourism money they bring in. â€Å"We complain, but we need them† (Harman, 2002). For the party tourist, why would you go anywhere else to experience the nightlife? This is the destination that charges 12 euros for a standard alcoholic beverage, but yet the cost of a pill that keeps you going for hours cost 5 (Govan, 2007). The question to be addressed however is what damage is this tourism market having on Ibiza’s destination image and local residents? Drug use patterns in Ibiza A key factor in the increasing use of recreational drugs is their association with nightclubs and dance music (Forsyth, Barnard McKeganey, 1997). The modern phenomenon of clubbing (late-night dancing, often in combination with drug use) was imported, largely from Ibiza, by individuals holidaying abroad and then returning to recreate the combination of modern dance music and ecstasy use in their country of resident (Garret, 1998, p. 29). The figures below show the increases in drug use and sexual activity in Ibiza by first time users and the increase in drug taking for those who use at home and then when visiting Ibiza. Tourist Tourists who use recreational drugs in their home of origin have a propensity to increase their levels of substance use when in Ibiza. (Bellis, Hale, Bennett, Chaudry Kilfoyle, 2001) undertook a study to compare drug use among UK residents to that of their use in Ibiza. The key findings of the report found that 12 per cent of 16 to 29 year olds in the UK general population have used recreational drugs at some time, however in Ibiza 51. per cent of young visitors use illegal drugs on holiday. Of the major party drugs, 43. 1 per cent of tourists use ecstasy, 37. 5 per cent use cannabis and 24. 6 per cent use cocaine. For first time users â€Å"an increasing number of young British holidaymakers begin experimenting with illicit drugs at top clubbing resorts† (Bjortomt, 2003). The same author reports that those taking ecstasy in Ibiza for the first time has risen 16% from 1999 to 2002. 17. 4 and 33. 1 per 1000 people were introduced to cocaine and ecstasy use, respectively in Ibiza. For those tourists who constantly use recreational drugs at their place of origin, (Hughes, et. l, 2004) identifies that for ecstasy, 2. 9% of users in the UK who used the drug 5 or more times a week rose to 42. 6% whilst holidaying in Ibiza. Seasonal Employee Those people who travel to Ibiza for seasonal work in holiday resorts, nightclubs or bars (Hughes, Bellis Chaudry, 2004) conducted a survey to identify the level of drug use among casual labour in Ibiza, compared to that of visitors from the UK. As the research determines, those participating in casual labour are more likely to use illicit drugs when working in Ibiza than when working in the UK. Furthermore, casual labour used different types of drugs more frequent but used drugs on average two days a week, less frequent than recreational tourists in Ibiza. Sexual activity patterns in Ibiza Tourist Major concern for the island and home origin of the tourist is the amount of sexual activity that is evident in Ibiza. (Bellis, Hale, Bennett, Chaudry Kilfoyle, 2001) identify that 53. 8 per cent of tourists to Ibiza had sexual intercourse during their stay, with 26. 2 per cent not using protection and 23. 2 per cent having more than one sexual partner. These figures indicate a major problem for the spread of sexually transmitted infections in both Ibiza, with multiple partners being used without protection, and then the transference of these diseases to the home destination. Seasonal Employee For casual labour on the island, (Hughes Bellis, 2006) identify that 80. 5 per cent of casual labour in Ibiza had sexual intercourse with 65. 5 per cent having unprotected sex. The mix of drugs and sex among tourists and casual labour has become a risk for the sexual health of individuals and a potential conduit for the international spread of sexually transmitted infections. Destination Ibiza as a sense of ‘freedom’ The increase in drug taking and sexual activity can be described by (Dann, 2007) who developed a paper titled ‘Tourist Behaviour As Controlled Freedom’ with the purpose of identifying the correlation between a tourists perception of appropriate behaviour when on holiday to that of when they are in their home of origin. The paper suggests tourists assume the perception that the home environment portrays a lack of freedom to the individual through the idealisation of government laws and the sense that their lives are somewhat controlled by the notion of what is right and what is wrong. For the individual looking for a tourism experience, the event of taking a holiday can create a temporary respite from social incarceration – the pressures of a normal existence. Dann’s model in contrast with Ibiza is best described by (Bjortomt, 2003) as, â€Å"once abroad in Ibiza, the sense of freedom and atmosphere of excess means that some individuals who have never used drugs experiment. † It emphasises the argument from Dann that the individual gets empowered by the thought of ‘no boundaries’ whilst on holiday. With Spain playing host to 58. 5 million tourists in 2006 (UNWTO, 2007), and most of them looking for the escape of sun and sand, it’s a probable thought that the individual who visits Ibiza is looking to challenge the system that restricts them on a daily basis in their home environment. Influence of drugs in Ibiza The Tourism Market Once thought of as a hot-spot for lucrative market tourists, the new breed of tourism that Ibiza now attracts rivals most world destinations in terms of returning visitors (Nash, 2008). This new tourism market is known as party tourism. (Horner Swarbrook, 2004: 236) define party tourists as â€Å"tourists travelling to a destination with the purpose of experiencing the nightlife of a destination†¦consisting of dancing, consuming alcohol and as this report indicates, participating in drug related activities. The scope of party tourists that enter Ibiza is from a large population. (Gardiner, 2007) states that, â€Å"Ibiza attracts party people of every age and demographic. However, (Hughes, 2004) reports that 250 000 Britain’s aged between 18 and 30 travel there each year, suggesting that they are the main scope of the tourism market. A Drug Based Economy Just before the start of the 2007 clubbing season, three of Ibiza’s major nightclubs were closed down by police in what they described as â€Å"a preventative measure to make these clubs deal with the issue of drug dealing and consumption of patrons inside the venues† (Botsford, 2001). The closure lasted one month. The statement is an example of how much the Ibiza economy relies on tourists to support it. If local law enforcement agencies cannot implement a strategy long enough for it to have effect, as lost economic income is too great, then implementing any strategies that targets nightclubs will not be effective. Property Value The drug culture impacts highly on property owners in Ibiza. The seasonality of tourists entering Ibiza chasing the warm beach weather has implications on owners who rely on party tourists to rent their properties for various lengths of stay. (McDonald, 2007) reports that the hot, hedonistic summer period is when owners of rental properties will make most, if not all of their money. (Warncke, 2007) reports that when three of the islands major nightclubs, DC-10, Bora Bora and the world-famous Amnesia were closed in early 2007, it had a damaging effect on the tourism industry on the island. â€Å"News of the closures led to people cancelling their trips to the island,† stated (McDonald, 2007). Reliance on tourists for business income and employment For the summer periods in Ibiza, locals rely on the vast number of tourists entering the island to generate a majority of their income. Furthermore, the party tourism market that comes seasonally generates a large number of jobs for locals and working tourists (Hughes Bellis, 2006). Strategies by police and tourism officials with the purpose of restricting party tourism would damage the direct spending of visitors through fewer arrivals, therefore economic income for local businesses and employment opportunities would decrease. Suppliers of illegal drugs High concern for the Ibiza Tourism Commission has to be the amount of illegal drug supply that is easily available to those who want it (Chesshyre, 2001). The majority of supply is coming from the UK through rival drug dealers –one from Liverpool, the other a mixture of people from Newcastle and Morocco (Counzens, 2006). The article proposes that expat gangs have traditionally moved their operations to feed the summer demand for ecstasy and cocaine in Ibiza’s nightlife scene. The introduction of rival suppliers has had devastating impacts in Ibiza. (Townsend, 2006) reports that a spate of contract killings, some of Britain’s most wanted criminals and an illegal drug trade that links San Antonio to drug syndicates in most major UK cities are evident in Ibiza. In the same article, it is revealed that, â€Å"police believe hundreds of kilos of cocaine and hundreds of thousands of ecstasy tablets have been successfully dispatched to the 12-mile strip of sand and rock in the Mediterranean. † The supply of illegal drugs into Ibiza is an issue that needs to be addressed by governments in Ibiza and the UK. It is evident that the main supply comes from the UK, therefore the UK government has a duty to stop the illegal supply of drugs exiting their country and as shown, infecting another. Ibiza doesn’t have the resources to stop the supply of hard drugs entering their country, and assistance is required from the UK. Nightclubs and Police Involvement It is unclear whether nightclub owners and their employees and local law enforcement and are involved in the facilitation of drug dealing within the clubs however (Chesshyre, 2001) suggests that the island has tactically accepted drug dealing, and that police have effectively turned a blind eye to the problem for fear of destroying a lucrative tourist industry that attracts thousands of visitors each summer. Moreover, when asking a nightclub owner what would happen if police were to crack down on drugs in clubs, he noted, â€Å"I think most of the clubs would go under – and that just won’t happen†¦drug culture is one of the most important parts of clubs. † Consequence of a party culture Destination Image Ibiza first attracted the attention of artists, models, movie stars and musicians in the 60s and 70s. It was then the hippie clique descended on the island to practice yoga or to enjoy all-night parties and philosophical conversations around bonfires on the beach. The island had the image of a place to relax, somewhere to lose oneself in the tranquillity of sand and sun. Fast forward to the 80s and Ibizas hippie attraction was starting to fade. By then the island had begun to carve out a reputation as the place to go if you wanted the best nightclub experience that Europe perhaps even the world had to offer (NW, 2007). The shift in destination image also changed the tourism market. Tourists are now looking for the all night dance experience that floods the streets of Ibiza. Josefa Mari, head of Ibiza’s tourism and economic department, states that â€Å"the clubbing scene forms only a tiny part of what the island offers, but it’s what defines us internationally, and it’s damaged our image† (Nash, 2008). Ibiza is not alone in terms of the destination image being revolved around all night partying. Miami, South Florida, is also world renowned for tourists looking for the party experience whilst soaking up the sun on the beach during the day (McClure, 2008). However, Ibiza’s differentiation strategy, whether they want it or not, is dangerous. Ibiza is directly linked to the notion that a drug-culture is embedded in the tourism experience, as (Chesshyre, 2001) notes â€Å"drugs, if you want them, are freely available in Ibiza. † (Nash, 2008) suggests Ibiza’s tourism and economic department are trying to push the focus of Ibiza tourism to more nature-based experiences, with the hard partying scene being scaled down and in some cities, phased out. It would appear though, through the lack-lustre effort to control the party scene for the past decade, significant damage to Ibiza’s destination image has been done. Crime The impact of crime increase in Ibiza has damaged the belief of safety that an individual demands when participating in tourism (Weaver Lawton, 2006: 104). The rivalry between gangs competing for drug market-share has spilled out into the streets, affecting the safety of tourists visiting Ibiza. (Couzens, 2006) reports that a â€Å"shocking street gunfight between rival British gangs erupted with an 18 year old man touring the island shot in the face, spending a week in the hospital and another man being hit in the chest. Neither of the two had affiliations with the gangs. Other reports of crime rise come from (Fuchs, 2006) who reported that a group of tourists staying in a high-rise apartment were broken into twice in one week, having their belongings stolen on both accounts. (Marinos, 2004) identifies that Spain has one of the highest rates of drug related rapes in the world, with 244 rape victims reported in 2002. Crime experiences like these affect Ibiza in two ways. Firstly, there is an element of cocooning among tourists when they enter a resort on the island. They will often stay close to the resort and wont venture across the island in fears of having being burgled or worse, raped. Secondly, Ibiza is trying to change its destination image. Tourists who can change this are those who spend money in the communities and are their for a relaxation experience, not partying. However, this tourist demographic will not visit the island if they feel a sense of insecurity. If Ibiza is too attract a new tourism markets, or increase markets they see as importance in changing their destination image, then the government needs to take a string stand on eradicating their underlying drug-culture. Drugs In Nightclubs: An Australian Perspective In the capital city of Melbourne, Victoria, the party scene has developed into a major tourism market. It is common for intrastate and interstate travellers to fly or drive into Melbourne for the weekend and party for two days straight, returning home on the Sunday evening. The party tourism phenomenon is an existing market that has seen major developments in Melbourne over the past decade with the introduction of cheap domestic flights and nightclub incentives of free entry and free drink cards upon early arrival. Moreover, the affordable costs of a two night stay at a backpackers and the extra amount of discretionary income available for young people has seen this tourism market develop extensively. (Symons, 2004) reports that a study undertaken by the Australian Drug Foundation found that 60 per cent of patrons in Melbourne’s clubs and bars had tried ecstasy over the past six months. This pattern is not confined to Melbourne. The (National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, 2001) found it â€Å"staggering† that 20 per cent of people aged between 20 -29 had taken ecstasy. That figure is now taken conservatively as it was taken from the population in 2001. â€Å"It is clear that illicit drug use is relatively common among groups of Australian people, notably those involved in clubbing, dance music and alternative music subcultures† states (Holt, 2005) after conducting a study of drug use among youth in Australia. At the nightclub industry scene, Brendan Prendergast – president of Australia’s Crowd Control Employee’s Association – comments that â€Å"the Australian public’s only hearing the tip of the iceberg when it comes to drug use in Melbourne. Prendergast, who worked as a crown controller for 30 years, believes that a major reason why drugs are such an issue is because of the amount of illegal crowd controllers working in clubs and pubs (Nolan, 2007). This statement presents a relationship between Melbourne nightclubs and Ibiza nightclubs in regards to the involvement of nightclub employees in the facilitation of drugs in nightspots and as (Chesshyre, 2001) acknowledges; a major problem with the amount of drugs available in Ibiza has a connection with nightclub owners and security personal on the island. The difference between Melbourne and Ibiza, in relation to drug use in party nightspots, is the amount of preventative measures from within both the nightclub industry and strategies at local and national governments to prevent drug use. A report produced by the Australian National Council of Drugs (Price, 2000) discussing the issues of drug use in Melbourne states that â€Å"there are a number of judicial and police-diversion strategies being funded in the Melbourne area targeting drug use at the venue. In Ibiza however, drug preventative measures inside the venue are relatively scarce with (Govan, 2007) commenting, â€Å"Clubs are policed by their own security guards, with dealers still managing to ply their trade easily. † At the government level, drug strategies are non-funded and the introduction of preventative strategies through heavier police involvement in nightclub venues is desperately needed to stop the dealing of illicit drugs to new and existing users. Preventat ive Measures/ Minimisation Strategies – Interventions in dance music resorts (Bellis, Hughes, Bennett Thomson, 2003: 1717) identify that interventions are urgently needed in dance music resorts to prevent non-drug users from experimenting with illicit drugs and users from moving into a wider range of substances. Such interventions are currently scarce and therefore represent a missed opportunity to reduce the spread of illicit drug use. Moreover, (Deehan Saville, 2003) undertook a study to determine the scope of recreational drug use amongst clubbers in the South East of England. Key findings from the report found that many recreational drug users have actively sought out information about the potential health consequences arising from drug use and took measures to minimise the risk. This indicates the willingness that clubbers are likely to be receptive towards the provision of practical, evidence-based information focusing on safe use and reducing harm. Drug minimisation strategies related to Ibiza should focus on having educational information at major nightclub venues through either flyers in restrooms or leaflets upon entry. Furthermore, the same approach can be utilised at the hotels of interest for these club tourists to indicate the risk and minimise use before the individual is caught up in the nightclub atmosphere. Administering nightclub and after party curfews â€Å"The problem is that the party is non-stop†¦it’s difficult to keep going if you don’t take drugs† states Juan Pantaleoni, San Antonio’s town spokesperson (Fuchs, 2006). San Antonio, a town in Ibiza, is a renowned hot spot for British tourists looking to escape the pressures of home-life and party all night. It is San Antonio however that has started to deal with the issue of all night parties. Before the opening of its party season in 2007, the government banned so-called â€Å"after parties†, which start when the clubs close their doors and often run until noon that day. This strategy minimised the amount of drug influenced people on the streets during the day, reducing the potential risks of violence and contact with tourists who are not attracted to the destination for the party scene (Botsford, 2001). Ibiza would benefit from implementing the same strategy as San Antonio as its potential for success has been realised and regardless of the fact that it won’t stop drug taking, it will enable other tourists and locals to feel safer during the day. Cooperation between Ibiza government and origin destination Cooperation between the Ibiza government and that of tourists’ home country is desperately needed to help minimise the demand for first time drug users to experiment with drug taking. Focusing on the UK market, the demand for tourists to enter Ibiza’s party culture is an extensive market, with (Botsford, 2001) reporting that 700 000 British tourists arrive at the destination per year. Education for the tourist before they arrive in Ibiza is needed, wit possible strategies including information flyers at airports or on the plane, and information websites on the dangers of drug taking specific to the Ibiza nightlife. As presented earlier, individuals are open to risk information and having a wider spread of information outlets will increase the amount of tourists coming into contact with risk educational material. Bellis, Hughes Lowey, 2002) state that some countries have already developed approaches to nightlife health. However, growth in the international travel associated with nightlife and the additional risks posed by nightclubbing in an unfamiliar country mean both interventions and basic health and safety measures are now required on an international basis. Conclusion The impact of drugs within Ibiza is something of serious concern for government officials and the future of tourism at the destination. Ibiza has adopted a drug culture that is not only affecting the island and its residents, but is starting to develop a negative destination image. Immediate strategies to combat the ‘out of control’ spiral that party tourism is having on the destination are needed, and these strategies must be implemented and evaluated efficiently. A drug sub-culture is a problem for Ibiza to attract other potential tourism markets with many wanting the perception of safety and relaxation when on a holiday. The party tourism arket is starting to restrict the experience of other tourists, and if strategies aren’t implemented, these tourists will start to relocate elsewhere. Ibiza would benefit from understanding the scope of drug problems in countries where the majority of their tourists come from to get insight into the drug implementation strategies that have been proven to work. It is crisis time for Ibiza and cooperation between local governments, the Spaniard government and ni ghtclub owners is needed to restrict the drug issue as a whole industry, instead of trying to implement strategies that don’t have the funding or support of key stakeholders. Ibiza should move quickly in implementing new strategies, before party tourism is the only culture identified by tourists and they lose lucrative markets. References Author Withheld. (2007). Ibiza. News Weekly, 15(52), p. 2-5. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Bellis, M. , Hughes, K. , Bennett, A. Thomson, R. (2003, April 3). The role of an international nightlife resort in the proliferation of recreational drugs. Addiction, 98(12), 1713-1721. Retrieved April 9, 2008, from Academic Source Premier. Bellis, M. , Hale, G. , Bennett, A. , Chaudry, M. Kilfoyle, M. 2000, April 25). Ibiza Uncovered: changes in substance use and sexual behaviour amongst young people visiting an international night-life resort. International Journal of Drug Policy, 11, 235-244. Retrieved April 9, 2008, from Business Source Premier database. Bellis, M. , Hughes, K. Lowey, H. (2002). Healthy Nightclubs and recreational substance use: from a harm minimization to a healthy setting approach. Addictive behaviours, 27(6), p. 1025. Retrieved May 23, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. Bjortomt, O. (2003, January 12). Ibiza gives young first taste of illicit drugs. The (United Kingdom) Times, p. 1. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Botsford, F. (2001). Clampdown on Ibiza Nightlife. Retrieved May 23, 2008, from http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/world/europe/1435942. stm Chesshyre, T. (2001, July 28). Where drugs are sold like sweets. The (United Kingdom) Times, p. 1. Retrieved April 3, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Couzens, G. (2006, August 13). Guns wars on party island. UK Sunday Mirror. Retrived May 27, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. Curley, G. (2007, April). Make Ibiza Mine! Vanity Fair, 560, 252-265. Retrieved April 4, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Dann, G. M. S. (1997). Tourist Behaviour as Controlled Freedom. Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Bureau of Tourism Research Deehan, A. Saville, E. (2003). Calculating the risk: recreational drug use among clubbers in the South East of England. Home Office Online Report, 43(11), p. 12-53. Retrieved May, 25, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Forsyth, A. , Barnard. M. McKeganey, N. (1997) Musical performance as an indicator of adolescent drug use. Addiction, 92, 1317-1325. Retrieved April 4, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Fuchs, D. (2006) Crimewave may mean the party is over for Ibiza. The Guardian, Retrived May 28, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Garratt, S. (1998). Adventures in Wonderland: a Decade of Club Culture. London, United Kingdom: Headline Book Publishing. Govan, F. (2007, July 16). Special Report: Ibiza’s Failing Drug Clampdown. Retrieved May 17, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Gardiner, A. M. (2007). Ibiza, Spain. New York Times, p. 13. Retrieved May 23, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. Harman, D. (2002, August 28). On a Mediterranean isle, drugs eclipse sun and sand. Christian Science Monitor, 94(192), p. 7. Retrieved April 6, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Hughes, K. , Bellis, M. Chaudry, M. (2004). Elevated substance use in casual labour at international nightlife resorts: a case control study. International Journal of Drug Policy, 15(3), 211-213. Retrieved April 9, 2008, from Business Source Premier database. Hughes, K. , Bellis, M. (2006, February 21). Sexual behaviour among casual labour at international nightlife resorts: a case control study. BMC Public Health. Retrieved April 9, 2008, from Business Source Premier database. Hughes, K. (2004). A potent cocktail. Nursing Standard, 18(47), p. 14. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Holt, M. (2005). Young people and illiciot drug use in Australia. Social Research, 3, p. 1-6. Retrieved May 23, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. Horner, S. Swarbrooke, J. (2004). International Cases in Tourism Management. London, United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann Nash, E. (2008 April 6). Ibiza: Is the party over?. Retrieved April 10 from http://www. independent. o. uk/news/europe/ibiza-is-the-party-over-805249. html. Marinos, S. (2004). Holiday Rape. Cleo 378, p. 156-160. Retrived May 28, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. McClure, R. (2008, May 9). Party all day and all night in glittery, glamorous Miami. Retrieved May 23, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. Nolan, K. (2007). Fed: Time to Bounce the Bouncers. AAP Australian National News Wire. Retrived May 23, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Price, K. (2000) Melbourne AOD Agency Forum report. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http://www. ancd. org. u/publications/forums/forum7. htm Symons. E. (2000, July 12). How safe are you on holiday? The Sun. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. Townsend, M. (2006). Gang Violence erupts as rave craze returns. The Guardian, Retrived May 28, 2008, from Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre database. UNWTO. (2007). World U. S International Arrivals Reciepts. Retrieved May 27, 2008, from http://tinet. ita. doc. gov/outreachpages/inbound. world_us_intl_arrivals. html Warncke, C. (2007). Ibiza: DC10, Bora Bora, Amnesia Shut Down. Retrieved May 23, 2008, from www. inistryofsound. com/news/features/20070608_ibizaclubs Weaver, D. Lawton, L. (2006) Tourism Management (3rd Ed. ) Milton, QLD, Austral;ia: Wiley Publishers. Bibliography Woods, G. (1993). Drug Abuse in Society. Santa Barbra, California, USA: ABC-CLIO publishers South, N. (1999). Drugs: Cultures, Controls and Everyday Life. London, Great Britain: Athenaeum Press, Gateshed. Drug Trafficking and Drug Abuse. (1971). Report from the Senate Select Committee. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government Publishing Service. Munns, R. (2007). Tourists flock to Spain for 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2008, from Academic Search Premier.

Frank Reade essays

Frank Reade essays In this interesting novel well worth the dime, our main character, Frank Reade, chases a gang of characters known as the James boys in a mechanical-horse drawn carriage. In this novel our characters are searching for the supposed hidden treasure of a wealthy family. In this time period novels cost a dime, and were written so they sounded believable. This story seems to me to be pretty believable, certain inventions seemed a little outlandish, but they did didnt seem to be ahead of there time. This was mostly because this was a pioneering period. Throughout the novel we come in contact with four important characters. One of which is Frank Reade, a young inventor and the main character is a character whom we are allowed to connect with on another level from most other main characters. The three other characters in this novel are Brass and Buttons who are two New York Detectives that act as Reades entourage. We also come in contact with the Professor who writes in his journal often. The Professor talks often of his dislike of violence but mysteriously has the best aim and shot out of the group. Two other characters we meet and no less about are Frank and Jesse James, otherwise known as the James Brothers. And they were not fond of the Reade posse, nor vise-versa. Though we never see a resolution, the plot is the suspenseful Reade-James Brothers chase. This novel like others seems to have sub-plot; such as digging for gold and the disbanding horses. Something interesting to me in this story was the interior monologues. This allowed me to feel connected to and with the character. There are many examples of this through out the novel, like when he grads the reigns of the James brothers horses. While hes hanging there we see his interior monologue as he plans ways to recapture the horses, stop the James brothers, and live to do all this. I also enjoyed the future resolutions ...

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Business Process Change - Research Paper Example Four Winds Hospital is a medium health organization that specializes in psychiatric care. The core mission of the hospital is to offer extemporary services to patients with mental illness. Like other health organizations, the hospital is often faced with the need to balance its business objectives and social responsibilities. Q#2 From your research of the organization, identify a single Business Process Change that the organization will need to contemplate and undertake in the coming year. These changes can result from new technologies, economic issues, or changes in the marketplace. According to J. Burke (2010), organizations need to ensure that their business operations are in line with the current changes in technology. In the wake of the modern technological innovations, many organizations have sought to refurbish their systems and structures by adopting technological mechanisms in their operations. Technology has been widely accepted as a system enabler and an element that would contribute to better results, efficient operations, and other positive aspects associated with any productive culture (Ogus, 2007). In particular, introduction of Electronic Medical Records is expected to bring about significant changes in the operational changes of the organization (Kalb, 2005). ... Burke, 2010). The EMR system is also expected to contribute to employee’s satisfaction through increased efficiency and accuracy (Sharfstein, Dickerson, & Oldham, 2009). In addition, the EMR system is expected to revitalize the hospital’s influence on the market. Changes in organization are expected to solve logistical challenges that have slowed administrative and clinical processes at the Winds Psychiatric Hospital. The organizational change at the hospital should be viewed within the framework of total quality management. Q#3 Utilizing the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) outline briefly what changes need to be undertaken at each of the 5-stages (pages xxxiii-xxxiv). The capability maturity model (CMM) will be helpful in refining the organization’s growth and strategies. This will be achieved through effective strategies and software design. Four Winds Hospital needs to implement changes in its management, technology and market approach. Using CMM, the business managers will be able to measure the effectiveness of each of the business approaches or changes (Macmillan, 2007). The system will also enable the hospital to track its changes and developments in relation to EMR application (Luo, 2006). Firstly, the organization needs to adopt a communication system that facilitates efficiency and consistency. The EMR system will enhance effectiveness of communication within the organization and communication between the organization and its business associates. Data appertaining to clients will be handled in a more organized and efficient way that would help solve the challenges of logistics and delays that have been occasioned by the manual systems of information management (Ball, Weaver, & Kiel, 2004). Although face-to-face

Child Welfare Information Gateway Essay Example for Free

Child Welfare Information Gateway Essay In every state in the United States, teachers are subject to mandatory reporting laws (Smith 2006). In most cases that means the teacher is required to contact a law enforcement agency or child protective services regarding the allegations of abuse.   The law is rapidly changing regarding the requirements for reporting abuse and in many cases mandatory reporting laws have been extended from child care professionals and medical professions to the clergy as well (Smith 2006). Each state’s definition of when a teacher must report suspected abuse varies, but there is no state that penalizes a teacher who, acting in good faith made a report that turned out to be wrong. In the case of Mary, once her friend tells the teacher that Mary’s new step-father is â€Å"doing bad things to her†, the teacher is under a legal and moral obligation to report the suspected abuse to the proper authorities for investigation. If the teacher has reason to question the validity of Mary’s friend’s statement, she should explain that to the investigating authority as well, but making the report is an indisputable necessity. Teachers and others who are listed as mandatory reporters can face civil and criminal penalties for failing to report suspected abuse if something untoward should happen to the child. More importantly, though teachers are trained to spot early signs of abuse and neglect and report them, teachers do not have the extensive training necessary to investigate the accusations and make a determination whether abuse is happening. In this way, a teacher is not only protecting the child, but also protecting herself in reporting (Smith 2006). The issue for the teacher can be one of legal protection and emotional protection. Most people, including teachers, would feel tremendous guilt if they determine no abuse was happening, failed to report it to other authorities and then the child was injured through abuse. The decision then to talk to Mary about the accusations is a difficult one. Obviously, if Mary has been a student that the teacher is close with and has routinely shared her private life with her teacher, then approaching the subject delicately can let Mary know there is someone on her side. However, if talking with Mary is mishandled, it could hamper her future school relationships and potentially hamper the official investigation into the abuse. The correct way for a teacher to handle this would be to talk to the student privately at a time when it does not appear that talking with the teacher is punishment. Talking with her over a recess break or during a fun classroom activity could lead a seven-year-old to believe that she had done something wrong and was being punished for it. Therefore, given Mary’s age it might be appropriate to begin the conversation in as non-threatening a manner as possible. Selecting Mary for a chance to offer â€Å"special assistance† to the teacher might be an easy way to arrange to have the conversation. If Mary is helping the teacher to retrieve supplies or set up a fun classroom segment, she might be more at ease than if a formal meeting were set up. Remember, the key is making Mary comfortable. Once the when has been established, the how of the discussion becomes less arduous, though it is still a difficult task. The teacher must again continue to be as non-threatening as possible and must be certain not to betray Mary’s friend’s trust. If Mary believes her friend is â€Å"tattling† on her, she is likely to become more withdrawn and less willing to talk.   One approach that might work is to ask Mary about the symptoms she was exhibiting in a non-accusatory way. For example, asking Mary if she’s having trouble sleeping or casually discussing Mary’s home life. A teacher could consider an opening question like, â€Å"Mary, I noticed you seemed really sleepy this morning (last week, Tuesday, whenever). Do you have trouble sleeping at night like I do?† The teacher immediately establishes a common thread with Mary and does not appear to be asking about troubling or scary situations. Then, the teacher should ask deeper more pertinent questions based on the flow of the conversation. If it is determined that Mary has been abused, the consequences for her could be grave. Most studies report that the age and amount of psychological development at the time of the abuse largely affect the long-term consequences. (Child Welfare 2006). In Mary’s case, long term physical effects can include poor health or injury, depending on what types of bag things her step-father is doing to her. Children who are exposed to sexual abuse face a danger of sexually-transmitted diseases in addition to the physical effects of the abuse. Psychological consequences of the abuse can be even more damaging, long term.   An abused child is likely to have inappropriate social boundaries, either being to gregarious and open sexually or becoming withdrawn. They often also face cognitive development problems and mental health issues. As teens, children who were abused face greater risks of drug and alcohol abuse and greater instances of juvenile delinquency and crime. In short, if this is occurring, then Mary needs to be protected as soon as possible. (Child Welfare 2006). Longitudinal studies have shown that the longer the abuse continues, the more drastic the consequences might be. REFERENCES Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2006 , http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/long_term_consequences.cfm, July 24, 2007. Smith, Susan K. â€Å"Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse and Neglect† Nov. 2, 2006, http://www.smithmoorellc.com/mandatory_reporting.htm July 24, 2007.

Anorexia Essay -- essays research papers fc

"Anorexia Nervosa" Bizarre, devastating, and baffling are three words that describe the anorexia nervosa disease. By definition, anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continue to starve themselves. The term "anorexia nervosa" literally means nervous lose of appetite. People with the disorder are suppressing a strong desire to eat, because they are afraid of becoming fat. Anorexia is characterized by extreme starvation that leads to a disastrous loss of weight. Anorexia nervosa affects a large number of people today in the world, and does not discriminate against anybody. Its victims can be overweight, thin, young, old, or either sex although, its primary victims are young girls between the age of thirteen and nineteen. This disorder has become more and more common around the world today. It has populated many college campuses, and it is spreading. Recent studies show that almost 20% of c ollege women suffer from anorexia or bulimia (bulimia is a eating disorder similar to anorexia), and the statistic increases to about 50% when so called "fad" bulimics and anorexics are included (Baker 9). This disease takes ordinary, often very beautiful people and drives them to starvation for no apparent reason whatsoever. They do not even seem to realize the extreme danger that comes with not eating a balanced diet. These young people lose so much weight that it makes them extremely fragile and sometimes causes death. Death was very near to a girl named Patti, who suffered through anorexia for more than two years. She ate nothing but two cream-filled cookies a day for more than seven weeks. The first cookie was breakfast and lunch, and the second was for her main meal. When she decided that these two cookies had too much fat in them, she proceeded to scrape off the cream filling from both of the cookies to decrease her fat intake. But still that was too much fat, so she cut down to one cookie without the filling. She now gets fed intravenously in her arm to get nourishment in the hospital. She is being fed against her will to save her life. But of course not all cases of this disorder are quite as severe or dramatic as this, yet all cases should be helped, because they can take a... ... is also accompanied by the National Association for Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD). These groups are paving the way to make these disorders easier to cure. They provide family therapy, psychotherapy, and hypnosis. Since there are so many philosophies about treating anorexia nervosa, exploring for a suitable therapist is suggested. This terrible, bizarre disorder has became more popular in the past few decades, but there are newer and better ways of treating it. There are no general answers to why people become anorexic and why when on the brink of death they continue to starve themselves, but they need to know that there is help out there and they are wanted. With the continued investigation of anorexia, we will undoubtedly come up with better and better ways to treat it. Bibliography Baker, C. The Perfect Trap: College-age Women and Eating Disorders. Copyright Catherine Baker. Pirke, K.M., and Ploog,D. eds.(1984) The Psychobiology of Anorexia Nervosa. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo.

Motivation and Organizational Culture

3 Motivation and Organizational Culture Tawny Christensen HCA 250 March 14, 2013 Darlene Tomlinson Motivation and Organizational Culture Assignment In any given business or workplace environment the employees that work there should be the most valued assets. Research has shown that personnel who are happy and taken care of are much more productive than those who are not, therefore establishing a more pleasing work atmosphere. That being said, business leaders and managers alike play an extremely important role in workplace psychology.According to our text, leadership is the process of leading a group and influencing its members to achieve common goals. All managers are leaders (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 2011). In today’s society more managers are leading through empowerment by allowing team members to be involved in the decision making process. More and more employees â€Å"are developing budgets, scheduling workloads, controlling inventories, solving quality problems, a nd engaging in similar activities that until very recently were viewed exclusively as part of the manager’s job,† (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 2011).As mentioned earlier, research has shown that employees who are pleased are far more beneficial than employees who are not. There are many things that managers can do to ensure that their employees feel valued, and remain satisfied. First of all, it is important that managers avoid using intimidation. To intimidate means to make nervous, or instill fear. In some cases an individual can take advantage of their title and turn in to an authoritarian. In a sense this means that the big guys squash the little guys. Employees

The First English Poor Law Legislation - 1453 Words

16th century - The first English Poor Law legislation. According to Spicker (2014) the English Poor Laws were a system of poor relief which existed until the emergence of the modern welfare state after the Second World War. These laws purpose was provision for setting the poor on work . The parish was the basic unit of administration. People were tied to particular locations. If they tried to get relief outside the parish of their birth they could be ‘removed’ which means not given relief or transported to another parish. The Poor Laws relief did not generally include accommodation but in 17th century first few workhouses were established. In Scotland they were called ‘houses of correction’. Workhouse is ‘a building where very poor people in Britain used to work, in the past, in exchange for food and shelter’ (Cambridge Dictionaries Online, 2015, available online at http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/workhouse, retrieved on 07 June 2015). 19th century - The increase of poor and working class population due to mass industrialisation and capitalism leaded to development of more central and state-controlled but still basic welfare system. 1834 - The Poor Law Amendment Act sets up a national Poor Law Commission which was a start point to state education and health care system. 1839-1840 - The Poor Law Commission enquiry identified disease as a major cause of ‘pauperism’. 1842 - The Poor Law Commission report identifying sanitation as a principal issue forShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Immigration On The United States1017 Words   |  5 Pagespieces of key legislation were also passed during that time that affected immigrants. 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